Introduction: Strokes constitute a public health problem. Ischemic strokes are caused by cardioembolic diseases in 20% of cases. We have realized this study in order to situate the role of transesophageal echocardiography in the search of cardioembolic diseases during ischemic strokes. Materials and Methods: We have realized a retrospective study in the Cardiology Department of “Hopital Général de Grand Yoff” at Dakar, during two years from June 2003 to July 2005. Our patients received benefits from medical examination, biological exams, an ECG, a recording ECG, a transesophageal echocardiography, transthoracic echocardiography, a brain scan and echodoppler of neck vessels. Results: Fifty-six cases have been identified. The average age was of 60.3 ± 14.3 years (extremes: 21–87 years). The sex-ratio (men over women) was of 0.75. The cardiovascular risk factors were dominated by blood hypertension and diabetes. On the standard electrocardiogram, we noted eleven cases of atrial fibrillation and one case of atrial flutter. Two patients have presented a paroxystic atrial fibrillation on recording electrocardiogram and six (10.7%), either a significative stenosis or carotid thrombosis at neck vessels echodoppler. The board number V is the summery of the etiology of ischemic strokes found by transesophageal echocardiography.