Case Report
Abstract
Full TextPDF Pilonidal sinus is a common disease of the sacrococcygeal region. The pilonidal sinus of the umbilicus is not frequently reported in the literature. The disease having an atypical presentation is often misdiagnosed. The presenting symptoms include pain and discharge. There is no consensus regarding the treatment hence, both conservative treatment and surgery have been suggested for the management of the disease. We present a case of umbilical pilonidal sinus (UPS), which was managed surgically after the conservative trial of management had failed. We have also discussed the current review of literature regarding the management of this rare clinical disorder.
Research Article
Abstract
Full TextPDF Background: All over the world, hundreds of millions of population suffer from common bacterial infections of the urinary tract every year. An increased risk of death, morbidity, and increased healthcare expenses in the critical care unit is linked to catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs), which occur when bacteria enter the urinary tract through a urinary catheter. Since urinary catheterization is linked to urinary tract infections (UTIs), which are among the most common infections in healthcare settings and account for almost 30% of intensive care unit (ICU) reports, there is a significant opportunity for prevention.
Methods: An institutional-based cross-sectional study design is applied to determine the prevalence and associated factors of healthcare-associated urinary tract infections (HAUTIs) among selected adult patients accounting for 391 that were admitted to ICU in the two years at Addis Ababa Public Governmental Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, from June–December 2020. Data was manually checked and entered into EpiData Manager version 4.6.1, and statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS version 23 software program. The strength of the association between dependent and independent variables is assessed using crude odds ratio (COR) and adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with a confidence interval (CI) of 95%. Variables with a value of P < 0.25 on bivariate analysis were directly forwarded to be analyzed by multivariable analysis. The goodness of the FIT test was also computed for logistic regression using the Hosmer-Lemeshow test, resulting in (sig = 0.073); finally, having P-values < 0.05 is considered statistically significant.
Results: The study finds that the prevalence of HAUTI among ICU admitted patients was 91 (23.3%) 95% CI; (19.2-27.4), while the length of stay, having tracheostomy, patients on mechanical ventilation, and taking proton pump inhibitor (PPI) drugs were associated with HAUTI in the study area.
Conclusion: HAUTI is a highly emerging clinical condition among ICU-admitted patients in the study areas.
Case Report
Abstract
Full TextPDF Dupilumab is an interleukin 4 (IL-4) receptor α-antagonist that inhibits IL-4 and IL-13 signaling through blockade of the shared IL-4αR subunit. Blockade of IL-4/13 is effective in reducing Th2-oriented response including the release of proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and IgE. These mechanisms are mediators in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD), food allergy, allergic rhinitis (AR) with and without polyposis, and asthma. We report the clinical case of a patient in whom the Th2-mediated inflammatory substrate is evident in comorbid allergic manifestations and shows a good response after treatment with dupilumab for moderate AD.
Case Report
Abstract
Full TextPDF Essential thrombocythemia (ET) is a rare chronic myeloproliferative disorder characterized by significant thrombocytosis. The ocular manifestations reported during ET are rare and are mainly represented by occlusion of the central retinal vein. We present the case of a 67 years old patient who was referred for an acute visual loss in the right eye, without associated pain or redness, and whose clinical examination on the admission found vitreous hemorrhage of the right eye, associated with microhyphema and ocular hypertonia. The pre-therapeutic biological assessment revealed hyperplateletosis at 1,146,000/mm3, without associated myelemia. The patient was treated with general and topical hypotonizing treatment, and was referred after the normalization of his intraocular pressure (IOP) to hematology for further management. The assessments carried out were in favor of ET and cytoreductive treatment was initiated. Ophthalmological involvement during ET is rare. This is the first case of spontaneous vitreous hemorrhage as an ocular complication of ET.
Review Article
Abstract
Full TextPDF Background: Cancer represents a public health problem worldwide. Cancer incidence rates were estimated worldwide by the GLOBOCAN 2020 study. Cancer statistics in Libya indicate an increasing disease burden. However, comprehensive epidemiological data in Libya is sparse or non-existent.
Objective: To describe and discuss cancer incidence in Libya based on GLOBOCAN Libya 2020 estimates.
Methods: A descriptive review of published visualized cancer data through the Global Cancer Observatory (GCO), a web-based platform that provides interactive features and presents comprehensive global cancer statistics.
Results: According to GLOBOCAN 2020 findings, the estimated number of new cancer cases in Libya in 2020 was 7,661, including cases of both sexes. Of these, 3,913 were women and 3,748 were men. The most common malignancies in Libyan men occur in the lungs at 21.3%, followed by colon cancer at 11.3%, prostate cancer at 10.7%, bladder cancer at 10%, and leukemia at 4.4%. The most common cancers among Libyan women were breast cancer at 31.4%, followed by colon cancer at 12.3%, cervical cancer at 6.1%, thyroid cancer at 4.8%, and leukemia at 4.3%. Lung cancer accounted for a significant number of cases in Libya, of which 770 (16.2%) died, followed by breast cancer with 459 (9.7%).
Conclusion: The GLOBOCAN findings have provided useful indicators of cancer incidence in Libya, although some limitations were noted due to the weakness of national cancer registrations. Healthcare policies are needed for the management and control of the more prevalent and pressing cancers in Libyan society.
Review Article
Abstract
Full TextPDF Cancer registries play a central role in the documentation of cancer information. Over the past few decades, the data quality of cancer registries has been the subject of considerable debate among healthcare planners and has received increasing attention among epidemiologists. This is because of the importance of cancer registries' data in health services planning, and epidemiological research. Cancer registries are responsible for collecting the basic demographic and disease information of every patient diagnosed with cancer and producing high-quality cancer statistics. The quality of cancer registry data is evaluated using different techniques to improve the registration process, completeness, and accuracy. This review aims to describe the quality of cancer registration as reported in the literature, highlighting the effect of the completeness and accuracy of cancer data on survival estimates. A limited number of studies have looked at the quality of cancer data. The existing literature indicated several limitations on the quality of cancer data that influence the estimates of cancer survival and contribute to international variations of cancer survival between countries. This effect could make survival estimates either underestimated or overestimated. No specific data field was reported to be responsible for the change in survival estimate. However, the importance of some clinical fields, such as clinical stages and treatments, has been highlighted in pieces of literature. Survival statistics based on cancer registries were also affected by the presence of death certificate only (DCO) registrations. Complete and accurate data are crucial for obtaining reliable results and valid inferences in oncology research.
Case Report
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Systematic Review
Abstract
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Supplementary File People who have celiac disease (CD) are probably more likely to have thyroid disorders. A comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to assess the link between thyroid disorders and CD. Articles were selected from PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Ovid, Embase, Cochrane, ProQuest, and Wiley from February 2022 and earlier. A meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the outcomes, using odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). The meta-analysis comprised 31 articles with 3310256 participants including 101253 individuals with thyroid disorders. Overall, the frequency of thyroid disease was notably higher in patients with CD compared to the control groups (OR: 3.06, 95% CI: 2.51 – 3.72, P<0.001). The findings of our meta-analysis support the notion that patients with CD are more likely to have autoimmune thyroid disease (ATD) and other thyroid disorders than the control group, thus indicating that regular screening for thyroid disease is necessary for CD patients. Further cohort research is required to investigate the relationship between thyroid disorders and CD.
Case Report
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Case Series
Abstract
Full TextPDF Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) in Mexico is considered an endemic public health problem. Infection in adults is caused 95% of the time by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Although non-invasive diagnostic techniques are the first choice, the diagnostic yield of these techniques does not always allow definitive diagnosis, so sometimes, surgical biopsy is necessary.
Objective: To describe two cases of pleural TB with a difficult diagnosis in which non-invasive diagnostic tests were inconclusive.
Conclusion: In the presence of pleural or pulmonary nodules or tumors, we should consider TB as a differential diagnosis, as well as in those patients whose clinical suspicion is high and non-invasive methods have not been diagnostic. Therefore, the surgical approach is still an option for these patients.
