Research Article
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In this paper, an attempt was made to identify the risk factors associated with the prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in Bangladeshi patients with elevated blood pressure. The patients were observed in investigating 995 adults of 18 years and above. The data of these adults were collected from some diagnostic centers located in urban and semi-urban areas when the adults were visiting the centers for their blood and urine screening tests. Among the investigated adults, 452 were patients with elevated blood pressure; 39 of these patients were suffering from CVD. The objective of the study was to identify some socioeconomic factors for the simultaneous prevalence of the diseases among the group of 39 patients. The risk of these two non-communicable diseases was significantly higher for younger adults, for physically inactive adults, and for diabetic patients of early stages. Higher risk was also noted for non-Muslim people, females, secondary educated persons, housewives, adults belonging to families of upper medium economic condition, processed food consumers, and underweight adults. The patients’ group was well discriminated from others for the variables age, habit of doing physical work, and economic condition.
Review Article
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Leishmaniasis, a disease caused by various species of the Leishmania parasite and primarily transmitted by female sandflies, poses a significant health concern in tropical and subtropical regions. This review explores recent advancements in understanding the disease, its transmission, and available treatment options. Despite the availability of treatment options such as pentavalent antimony, including sodium stibogluconate and meglumine antimoniate, their efficacy is compromised by severe side effects and the emergence of resistant parasites. The necessity for alternative therapeutics has increased interest in plant-derived compounds with anti-parasitic properties. Notable examples include Artemisia annua, Peschiera australis, Piper aduncum, and Physalis angulata, which have demonstrated promising efficacy against Leishmania parasites. However, developing effective treatments faces challenges, including the need for more stable and potent drugs. While medicinal plants offer potential solutions, their use requires caution due to possible adverse effects and interactions, particularly in vulnerable populations like children and pregnant women. Nevertheless, medicinal plants continue to be explored as valuable resources for developing safe and cost-effective treatments for leishmaniasis. In conclusion, there is an urgent need for novel therapeutic approaches to combat leishmaniasis, highlighting the potential of medicinal plants as sources of effective anti-parasitic agents.
Literature Review
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With over 90% accuracy in diagnosing diseases from medical images, artificial intelligence (AI) is reshaping the healthcare landscape, transforming medical imaging, diagnosis, drug discovery, patient care, and more. This captivating literature review explores AI's multifaceted applications, illuminating its potential to streamline healthcare management and surgical procedures. While unlocking exciting possibilities, challenges such as ethics and biases demand scrutiny. Engaging statistics and compelling case studies showcase AI's current impact and inspire further collaboration in this awe-inspiring technological revolution, propelling us toward a future where AI collaborates seamlessly with healthcare professionals for superior patient outcomes.
Case Report
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Lipomas are the most common subcutaneous mesenchymal neoplasm commonly seen over trunks and limbs. Even though vulvar lipomas are rare, their clinical nature is similar to lipomas in other sites of the body. Diagnosis is usually made on clinical findings, and surgical excision is the best treatment option. This is a case of large pedunculated vulvar lipoma in a 30-year-old lady.
Research Article
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Background: The low back pain is a common health problem. It causes significant morbidity that limits economic productivity. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has been shown to be effective in cosmetic surgical procedures and help accelerate wound healing in trauma and joint injuries. PRP injections use each patient’s healing system to improve musculoskeletal problems. Therefore, we investigated the use of lumbar transforaminal epidural PRP (TEPRP) injections for the treatment of low back pain patients.
Methods: We evaluated a pain numerical rating scale (NRS) for a total of 210 patients with low back pain at the level of L3-4-5 immediately before the procedure. The patients completed the pain NRS. The score was 0 for no pain and 10 for the worst pain. A successful categorical outcome was defined as a reduction in pain by at least 50%. We also evaluated an assessment of the immediate post-procedure NRS, at 2 weeks, and measured the successful outcomes at 2 months.
Results: Immediate NRS response was weakly associated with 2-month outcomes. Patients who responded at 2 weeks were more likely to be responders at 2 months than those who were non-responders at 2 weeks.
Conclusion: Immediate post-TEPRP pain relief does not strongly predict long-term effectiveness in pain relief or functional recovery. Response in pain relief or functional recovery at 2 weeks is more strongly associated with 2-month outcomes.
Case Report
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Background: Colloid cysts (CC) are infrequent and benign cystic formations located in the third ventricle proximate to the foramen of Monro. Although surgical resection is widely acknowledged as the standard approach for managing symptomatic large-sized CC, the necessity of surgical intervention for asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic cases remains a subject of ongoing debate.
Case Presentation: In this report, we present the case of a 34-year-old female patient who complained of severe headaches. She was totally alert with normal cranial nerves examination and acute papilledema. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a characteristic 12 mm-sized CC situated in the third ventricle. Furthermore, fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) MRI demonstrated severe hydrocephalus with periventricular edema. Surprisingly, the patient was thoroughly informed of the potential treatment options during the first visit, including the possibility of neurosurgical tumor resection. However, the patient expressed reluctance and declined to provide consent for the neurosurgical intervention at that time. Remarkably, subsequent MRIs conducted 18 months after the initial evaluation demonstrated a spontaneous reduction in cyst size from 12 mm to 2 mm.
Conclusion: The phenomenon of spontaneous regression in CC is an exceedingly rare event. For carefully selected, asymptomatic cases, an alternative management approach involving regular imaging surveillance and frequent neurological assessments could be considered. However, the decision-making process should be meticulous, with a comprehensive evaluation of the associated risks and potential benefits of surgical intervention vs. conservative observation tailored to each case. Further research and larger studies are warranted to validate the feasibility and long-term outcomes of this alternative management strategy.
Research Article
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This article analyzes the experience of treatment of 111 children with various forms of adhesive impassability of intestines. The differentiated approach is put on a treatment basis in a choice of operative or conservative methods of treatment depending on the form of the disease, clinical features of a current, and efficiency of spent conservative actions. The specified principle in tactics choice has allowed to lower a considerable quantity of possible vain operations and their complications; to avoid lethality, it is essential to lower risk reoperations. The complex program of rehabilitation used in clinical practice and preventive maintenance of adhesive impassability has allowed to reduce the quantity of relapses of disease.
Research Article
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Anemia is one of the most important public health problems in the world and concerns the World Health Organization (WHO) given its prevalence, its many etiologies but also the consequences for which it is responsible in mothers and young children. In pregnant women, the causes of anemia are multiple and often intertwined: iron deficiency (but also folic acid, vitamin, etc.), intestinal helminthiasis, malaria, other infections (HIV infection, etc.), and hemoglobinopathies are the main causes. But among these etiologies, it has been estimated that 75% of anemias are attributable to iron deficiency and remain a cause of considerable perinatal morbidity and mortality. To avoid this, health services should design and implement strategies to control anemia in pregnant women, including prevention, early diagnosis, and appropriate management. The objective is to contribute to improving the management of anemia during pregnancy in order to reduce maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality linked to anemia in pregnant women.
Research Article
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Blood group antigens are hereditarily determined and play a vital role in blood safety. Blood types are known to have some association with many diseases. About 700 erythrocyte antigens have been described, organized into 30 blood group systems by the International Society of Blood Transfusion, of which the ABO and Rhesus systems are the most important. Thus, knowledge of the distribution of ABO and Rhesus blood groups at the local and/or regional level is of major importance in the management of blood banks and transfusion safety services.
Review Article
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The tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus causes a destructive zoonotic disease named cystic echinococcosis (CE), a crucial global issue for the public health sector. Nowadays, human hydatid disease is a worldwide challenge, and it is considered a recurrent disease in locations where it was formerly at low rates. Significant attempts and studies have been put into controlling and preventing the transmission of E. granulosus from dogs to humans, but the outcome is not considerable. An outstanding trait of the intermediate host-parasite relation is the host's protective immunity against infection by the oncosphere phase of taeniid cestodes. Due to this noble trait, we can develop different approaches to control hydatid disease through livestock vaccination. Moreover, the cestode isolates are barely distinguished, and due to a lack of knowledge about reaction mechanisms, their effect on innate immunity is not entirely tested. Yet, issues related to these topics regarding the purification of immunostimulatory molecules, their side effects, and their action on parasites remain struggles that need to be discussed. This review discusses multiple facts challenging autoimmune and immune responses guarding E. granulosus against suppression to reduce intense host damage.
