Cancer registries play a central role in the documentation of cancer information. Over the past few decades, the data quality of cancer registries has been the subject of considerable debate among healthcare planners and has received increasing attention among epidemiologists. This is because of the importance of cancer registries' data in health services planning, and epidemiological research. Cancer registries are responsible for collecting the basic demographic and disease information of every patient diagnosed with cancer and producing high-quality cancer statistics. The quality of cancer registry data is evaluated using different techniques to improve the registration process, completeness, and accuracy. This review aims to describe the quality of cancer registration as reported in the literature, highlighting the effect of the completeness and accuracy of cancer data on survival estimates. A limited number of studies have looked at the quality of cancer data. The existing literature indicated several limitations on the quality of cancer data that influence the estimates of cancer survival and contribute to international variations of cancer survival between countries. This effect could make survival estimates either underestimated or overestimated. No specific data field was reported to be responsible for the change in survival estimate. However, the importance of some clinical fields, such as clinical stages and treatments, has been highlighted in pieces of literature. Survival statistics based on cancer registries were also affected by the presence of death certificate only (DCO) registrations. Complete and accurate data are crucial for obtaining reliable results and valid inferences in oncology research.